The Monoliths used the term to refer to Bedouins of the Arabian Peninsula under King Gindibu, who fought as part of a coalition opposed to Assyria. The earliest documented use of the word Arab in reference to a people appears in the Kurkh Monoliths, an Akkadian-language record of the Assyrian conquest of Aram (9th century BCE). Found at Nimreh in the Hauran ( Southern Syria).

The Namara inscription, an Arabic epitaph of Imru' al-Qais, son of 'Amr, king of all the Arabs', inscribed in Nabataean script. Presently 93% of Arabs are Muslims, while the remaining consists mainly of Arab Christians, also Arab communities of Druze and Baháʼís. Religiously, Arabs are diverse, in the pre-Islamic, most Arabs followed polytheistic religions, while some tribes adopted Judaism or Christianity and a few individuals, known as the hanifs, apparently observed another form of monotheism. Arabs have significantly influenced and contributed to human progress in many fields, including science, technology, philosophy, ethics, literature, politics, business, art, music, comedy, theatre, cinema, architecture, food, medicine, and religion. Additionally, their own customs, literature, music, dance, media, food, clothing, society, sports, architecture, art and mythology. Īrabs share a common bond based on ethnicity, language, culture, history, identity, nationalism, geography, unity and politics. Following the adoption of the Alexandria Protocol in 1944 led to the establishment of the Arab League on 22 March 1945, with its Charter endorsing the principle of a ' unified Arab homeland'. In the early 20th century, the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I led to its dissolution and the subsequent partitioning of territories, which formed some of the modern Arab states in the Mashriq. In the Middle Ages, the Arabs spread massively and forged the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid empires, whose borders reached southern France in the west, China in the east, Anatolia in the north, to South Sudan, forming one of the largest land empires in history. During late antiquity, the Tanukhids, Salihids, Lakhmids, Kinda, and Ghassanids were predominantly Christian in faith in the Levant, Mesopotamia and Arabia. The Emesene known to have ruled by 46 BC from Arethusa and later from Emesa, Syria. In 164 BC, the Sasanians recognized the Arabs as Arbayistan, meaning 'land of the Arabs,' as they were part of Adiabene in upper Mesopotamia. In addition, the Osroene and Hatran kingdoms were ruling over Edessa and northern Iraq. There were also the Itureans, Arabs that inhabited the Beqaa Valley, Southern Lebanon, the Anti-Lebanon mountains in Syria and northern Palestine.

ĭuring the Classical antiquity, the Arab Nabataeans established their Kingdom with Petra as the capital in 300 BC, by 271 BC, the Palmyrene Empire led by the Queen Zenobia, her realm extended from Ancyra, central Anatolia, to Upper Egypt. From 1200 BC to 275 AD, there were powerful kingdoms in Arabia including Saba, Lihyan, M'ain, Qataban, Hadhramaut, and Awsan, with notable features such as the Marib Dam and the Arab Queen of Sheba, and later dominated by the Himyarites. Later, the Qedarites consolidated into kingdom, stretching from Lower Egypt's till Southern Levant in the east, covering much of southern Palestine, the Sinai, and the Negev.

Thamud, on the other hand, was a nomadic tribe. From the late 4th millennium BC to 538 BC, Dilmun and Gerrha were important ancient Arab civilizations that facilitated trade between Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and the Mediterranean. Throughout the ancient Near East, Arabs spanned several kingdoms and empires. The first written reference to Arabs is in Assyrian texts from the 9th century BC, where they appear inhabiting present-day Levant, Arabia and Mesopotamia. Furthermore, a significant Arab diaspora is also present in various parts of the world, most notably in the Americas, Western Europe, Turkey, Indonesia, and Iran. The Arabs ( Arabic: عَرَب, DIN 31635 : ʿarab, Arabic pronunciation: ( listen)), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group who identify with each other on the basis of language, culture, and history, mainly inhabiting the Arab world, which encompasses Western Asia and North Africa, and to a lesser extent West Africa, the Horn of Africa, and the western Indian Ocean islands (including the Comoros).

Historically: Pre-Islamic Arabian polytheism.

Smaller minority: Other monotheistic religions.

( Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant).(Mostly Sunni, large Shia minority, smaller Ibadi, Alawite minorities).

Crusaders of the lost idols bot